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wCrypto-King w wVersion 1.1 w by wRobert Bromley w July 20, 1992 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................... 1 1.1 What are Cryptograms? ............................ 1 1.2 What is Crypto-King? ............................ 1 1.3 Feature Summary .................................. 1 1.4 Hardware Requirements ............................ 1 1.5 Software Requirements ............................ 1 1.6 Restrictions ..................................... 2 1.7 Copyright ........................................ 2 1.8 Starting Crypto-King ............................ 2 2 SHAREWARE .............................................. 2 3 HOW TO SOLVE A CRYPTOGRAM .............................. 3 4 THE SCREEN LAYOUT ...................................... 3 5 PLAYING CRYPTO-KING .................................... 4 5.1 Using the Keyboard ............................... 4 5.2 Using the Mouse .................................. 6 6 THE TRIED/WON INDICATORS ............................... 6 7 THE MENUS .............................................. 7 7.1 Project Menu ..................................... 7 7.1.1 New Game (F1) .............................. 7 7.1.2 Start This Game Over (F2) .................. 7 7.1.3 Enter Your Own (F3) ........................ 7 7.1.4 Quit <Esc> ................................. 7 7.2 Help Menu ........................................ 8 7.2.1 Frequency Table (F6) ....................... 8 7.2.2 Most Common Letters (F7) ................... 8 7.2.3 Most Common Words (F8) ..................... 8 7.2.4 Patterns (3 Letter) (F9) ................... 8 7.2.5 Patterns (4 Letter) (F10) .................. 8 7.2.6 Gimme a Hint! <Help> ....................... 8 7.2.7 I Give Up. Show Me!! (F5) .................. 8 7.3 About Menu ....................................... 8 7.3.1 The Program ................................. 8 7.3.2 Shareware ................................... 8 8 ALT.DB ................................................. 9 9 THE "SCRAMBLER" PROGRAM ................................ 9 10 INCLUDED FILES ......................................... 9 10.1 Registered Version .............................. 9 10.2 This Version .................................... 9 11 GENERAL ................................................ 10 12 REVISION HISTORY ....................................... 10 w1 INTRODUCTION w 1.1 What are Cryptograms? Cryptograms are those strange loking groups of gibberish that you often see in newspapers and magazines, usually on the same page as the Crossword puzzles. They are essentially scrambled (or coded) messages that must be de-coded to be understood. This is done by substituting all occurances of an existing letter with a different letter. If the correct substitutions are made, the message becomes readable. 1.2 What is Crypto-King? Crypto-King (CK) is a program that allows you to solve Cryptograms more easily and more neatly. A coded message is randomly picked from a database of 100 such messages, and displayed on the screen. You select a letter you want to replace, and the letter you want to replace it with, and all letter substitutions are made automatically. If you decide you have substituted the wrong letter, you don't need an eraser. Just "give back" the letter, and choose another. Crypto-King was written in HiSoft BASIC Version 1.05, and compiled using the HiSoft BASIC Professional compiler. 1.3 Feature Summary Some of the features of Crypto-King are: - Fully intuitionized. - All features may be accessed by either the keyboard or the mouse. - Help windows to assist you in making the right decisions. - Enter your own Cryptograms from within the program. - If things are really tough, CK will provide you with "Hints". - If things are desperate, CK will give you the solution. - Two (so far) databases of 100 Cryptograms each. - A "Scrambler" program that will allow you to easily scramble quotations, etc., and write them to a file. You can create your own Cryptogram databases. - Well-behaved in a multi-tasking environment. 1.4 Hardware Requirements There are no special hardware requirements for this program. 1.5 Software Requirements CK assumes the presence of a normal libs: directory. Specifically, the following libraries are required: - diskfont.library - exec.library - graphics.library - intuition.library In addition, the database file "CK.db" must be in the Current Directory when CK is run. 1 1.6 Restrictions As of this version, CK will only load a Cryptogram of a maximum of 76 characters, on 2 lines of 38 characters each. Try a sample from the database provided to see how this looks. 1.7 Copyright Crypto-King is Copyright (1991) by Robert Bromley. All rights are retained by the author. This program is Shareware, and may be distributed free of charge. Nominal charges for copy media only are permitted. 1.8 Starting Crypto-King From the Workbench; just click on the icon. From the CLI; usage is: [Run] CK NOTE Refer to Section 1.5 - "Software Requirements". w2 SHAREWARE w Shareware is (usually) good software at reasonable prices. I hope you consider Crypto-King to be in this catagory. My previous programs were released as Freeware, but as I have invested 800 to 1000 hours in Crypto-King over the last 16 months, I decided to see if anyone thinks my efforts to be worthwhile. Therefore, if you think CK is worth it, I am requesting a Shareware contribution of $12.00. In return, I will send you a disk with a fully operating version of Crypto-King (Refer to Section 10 - "INCLUDED FILES"), the Scrambler program, (Refer to Section 9 - THE "SCRAMBLER" PROGRAM), and my undying gratitude, (not for the money so much as for knowing I'm not wasting my time). The address is: Robert Bromley 1168 Timber Lane Victoria, B.C. CANADA V8Y 1E4 If you don't think CK is worth $12.00, you can send what you think it is worth. (I just hope it covers the cost of a disk and postage!). If you can't, or won't, send anything, well, God bless you, and I hope you enjoy it anyway. By the way, if anyone sends me a usable database for CK, created with the Scrambler program or any other means, I will be happy to refund their Shareware contribution. 2 w3 HOW TO SOLVE A CRYPTOGRAM w This section is purely subjective. I'm sure many people have their own ideas of the best way to solve Cryptograms, and if you are an experienced Cryptogram player, feel free to skip this section. Rule number 1 is to always go for the easy words first. Rule number 2 is to look for words with recognizable patterns. The first thing I look for is a 1-letter word. In English, this word must either be an A or an I (or very occasionally, an O). In the majority of cases, it will be an A. (Check the "Most Common Words" item of the "Help" Menu to confirm this). If the first word of the Cryptogram is a 3-letter word, you will find that it is often THE, the most common word in the English language. Look for a 4-letter word with the pattern X__X. That is, with the first and last letters the same. There are less than 10 words that this can be in English, and it will usually be THAT. (Check the "Patterns (4 Letter)" item of the "Help" Menu). A 2-letter word beginning with T must be TO. Look for 2-letter (Digraph) or 3-letter (Trigraph) combinations that occur frequently in the Cryptogram. Then check the "Frequency Table" item of the "Help" Menu to find out what the most popular Digraphs and Trigraphs are in the English language. Some will fit, and some won't. If you actually study the Help windows, and become familiar with the patterns, you will find the solutions come much easier. If you just can't seem to get started, ask for a Hint! w4 THE SCREEN LAYOUT w CK will open on its own screen. At the top is the program Title. Below the Title is the Available Letters (or Upper) box. This box displays all the letters of the alphabet which you have not already selected. Once a letter has been selected to replace a letter in the Cryptogram, it cannot be used to replace a different letter, (unless you choose to "give it back" first. Refer to Section 5 - "PLAYING CRYPTO-KING"). Below that, is the Main (or Lower) box. This is where the scrambled Cryptogram is displayed. As you make your letter substitutions, the substituted letters are displayed above the letters they are being substituted for. Sounds like a lot of substituting, but that is what the game is all about. And CK will do it all for you automatically. Either the Upper or Lower box will always have a red border around it. This identifies the Active box, ie. the box that CK is expecting you to select something from. Below the Lower box is the Message box. This box will also tell you which of the Upper or Lower boxes is the Active box. The bottom of the screen is where Hints will be displayed, if they are requested. 3 w5 PLAYING CRYPTO-KING w This section will be much more easily understood if CK is running on the screen in front of you as you read it. 5.1 Using the Keyboard OK, so all the necessary files and libraries are where they should be, and you have started CK. The screen appears, and the Message box tells you CK is "Finding a crypto-gram . . .". At this point, CK is searching the Current Directory for a file named "CK.db", which must be a file containing 100 scrambled Cryptograms and their solutions. After choosing one of the 100 at random, the Cryptogram is loaded and displayed, in white, in the Lower box, which will be the Active box with the red border around it. The Upper box will contain all 26 letters, A to Z. The Message box will now request that you "Select a letter in the LOWER box to be replaced". Determine which of the scrambled letters you want to substitute first. IE., suppose the Lower box had: L P E J A U - N T W K T Y H K H B O A X H A T Y Q I W A U J Z H E , H W F O F I L H A T U W H Z A U U . First, we notice the 1-letter word H, and assume that this should actually be an A. Therefore: - Type H on the keyboard (upper or lower case). - The first occurance of the letter H will become cyan color, to indicate that this is the chosen letter, and the red border will shift to the Upper box to indicate that this box is now Active. The Message box will now read "Select a letter from the UPPER box to substitute". - Since we want to substitute an A for the H, type A. - The letter A will now disappear from the Upper box, and will appear, in yellow, above all of the 7 occurances of H in the Lower box. The red border shifts back to the Lower box, and the Message box again tells you to select from the Lower box. Next, we notice the combination A X H A, a 4-letter word with the first and last letters the same. This word is probably THAT. This is reinforced by the fact that the H already has an A above it. So: - The Lower box is Active; press A, the letter you want to replace. - The Upper box is now Active; press T, the letter you want to substitute for the A. Ts will appear above all of the As. - The Lower box is Active; press X. - The Upper box is Active; press H. Now, we have a 2-letter word beginning with T, which can only be TO. - The Lower box is Active; press U. OOPS! Darn! Pressed Y by mistake. No problem. Press the Cursor Down key. This will de-select the Y, and make the Lower box Active again. - The Lower box is Re-Activated; press U. - The Upper box is Active, press O, to replace all Us with Os. 4 The Lower box will now show: T O - A A T H A T L P E J A U - N T W K T Y H K H B O A X H A T Y Q I W T O A , A A O A T O O . A U J Z H E , H W F O F I L H A T U W H Z A U U . Note that all of the punctuation is in place when the game starts. There is no guarantee that what we have done so far is all correct, but some mistakes are immediatly obvious. IE., suppose you thought the U in the first word might be an I, instead of an O, so you make the substitution. You would then notice that the last word is shown as a 3-letter word ending in II. This obviously cannot be, so you must "give back" all of the Is to the Upper box. To "give back" a letter, simply press the <Delete> key. The Lower box will become Active, if it wasn't already, and the Message box will show; "Select a letter in the LOWER box to give back". In this example, press I on the keyboard, and all of the Is will disappear from the Lower box, and the I will reappear in the Upper box, ready to be used again. So, looking at what we have solved above, we have a good start at solving the whole Cryptogram. The next step might be the 3-letter word following the comma. In this instance, the word is often THE, AND or BUT. Since the A is already in place, try AND. If you want some help in solving the Cryptogram, the Help windows are at your disposal. Pressing the Function keys F6 to F10 will display these windows. Refer to Section 7.2 - "Help Menu". If you get stuck at this point, and you cannot find the clue you need in the Help windows, you can ask for a Hint. CK will provide up to 3 Hints per game (except for Cryptograms manually entered yourself. Refer to Section 7.1.3 - "Enter Your Own"). To get a Hint, just press the <Help> key. A requester will pop up, and if you confirm your desire for a Hint, one will be provided, at the bottom of the screen, in the form of: Hint #1: L = C This means that the correct substitution of the Ls in the Lower box is with Cs. Make sure the Lower box is Active, (by pressing the Cursor Down key, if necessary), and press L. When the Upper box becomes Active, press C, and the substitution will be made. NOTE If you had previously substituted the Ls for some other letter, nothing will happen when you press L. You will first have to "give back" the letter over the Ls, using the <Delete> key. If, after all of your best efforts, you feel that you are unable to solve the Cryptogram, but you are curious of the solution, you can then use the F5 Function key. This will pop a requester asking you if you are Giving Up. Press "N" to Continue the game. If you press "Y" you will be shown the solution, and the game will be counted as Not Won, (a polite way of saying "Lost"). 5 You now have four options: 1. Press F1 to Start a New Game. 2. Press F2 to Start the Current Game Over. 3. Press F3 to Enter a Cryptogram of your own. 4. Press <Escape> to Quit Crypto-King. 5.2 Using the Mouse Crypto-King may also be played entirely with the mouse. Refer to Section 5.1 - "Using the Keyboard", for hints on game play. This section will discuss only the mechanics of using the mouse instead of the keyboard. First of all, the mouse selections must be fairly accurate to ensure that the correct letter is being selected. For this reason, CK comes equiped with a custom mouse pointer, which resembles a large red squarish "O". If the pointer surrounds the letter you want to select, you will have the right one. I have also found that if you have a mouse accelerator installed, it takes awhile to get used to making accurate selections. Turning down, or de-activating the accelerator may help. Or, there is always the keyboard. Using the mouse is very intuitive. When the Lower box is Active: Clicking on a white, previously unselected letter in the Cryptogram will select it, turn it a cyan color to show it is selected, and make the Upper box Active. Clicking on one of the yellow letters (part of the solution), will "give back" that letter to the Upper box. The Lower box remains Active. When the Upper box is Active: Clicking on a letter in the Upper box will cause that letter to be substituted for all occurances of the previously selected letter (now a cyan color), in the Lower box, and make the Lower box Active. Clicking in the Lower box will de-select the chosen (cyan) letter in the Lower box, and make the Lower box Active. That's pretty much all there is to it. Refer to Section 7 - "THE MENUS", for descriptions of getting Hints, Giving Up, Starting Over, etc. w6 THE TRIED/WON INDICATORS w CK keeps track of the number of games Tried, and Won. The score is updated after a New Game is started. When you start your second game, the Tried: indicator appears in the lower-left corner, showing Tried: 1. If the first Cryptogram was solved correctly, the Won: indicator in the lower-right corner will also show 1, otherwise 0. 6 A game is not counted as Tried until you have selected 6 or more letters from the Upper box. This gives you the opportunity to "sample" a game before trying it. Selecting New Game after removing only 5 letters from the Upper box will start the new game without counting that game as either Tried or Lost. If you remove 4 letters, then select Start Game Over, the game will count as Tried after 2 more letters are removed from the Upper box. A game is counted as Won if the Congratulatory message appears in the Upper box. This indicates that your solution of the Cryptogram is the correct one. Naturally, the game is not counted as Won if the solution is there as a result of the Help Menu item, "I Give Up!!" Any game which you enter manually, using F3 or the Project Menu, is not counted as Tried, Won, or Lost. w7 THE MENUS w This section describes the operation of the Menus. The keyboard equivalents, where applicable, are also shown. 7.1 Project Menu 7.1.1 New Game (F1) A requester will appear asking if you really want to start a New Game. This will cause CK to re-search the Current Directory for the file "CK.db", and randomly pick another Cryptogram to display. The Tried and Won indicators are updated. 7.1.2 Start This Game Over (F2) A requester will appear aking if you really want to re-start. Re-starts the current game from the beginning. If 6 or more letters have been selected from the Upper box, the game is counted as Lost. 7.1.3 Enter Your Own (F3) You may see a Cryptogram in a newspaper or magazine, or have one you created yourself, that you want to play on CK. A window will open with 2 string requesters. Type in the Cryptogram, and it will be displayed as a regular game. Pressing <Esc>, or entering nothing in both requesters will abort this function. If you enter text and change your mind, Alternate-X will clear the requester. Bear in mind that the Cryptogram can be no longer than 76 characters (38 characters on each of 2 lines). Since CK cannot possibly know the correct solution to these manually entered Cryptograms, it cannot know if the game has been Won. Therefore, these games are not counted as Tried, Won, or Lost, and you will not be advised if the game is completed. 7.1.4 Quit <Esc> This does pretty much as you might expect. A requester will ask for confirmation before shutting down Crypto-King. 7 7.2 Help Menu 7.2.1 Frequency Table (F6) This opens a window displaying the following information: - The most common 2, 3, and 4-letter words in the English language. - The most common digraphs and trigraphs (2 or 3-letter combinations). - Possible double-letter combinations. 7.2.2 Most Common Letters (F7) This opens a window displaying the following information: - The most frequently used letters, in decreasing order of usage. - The most frequently used letters which start a word, in order. - The most frequently used letters which end a word, in order. 7.2.3 Most Common Words (F8) This opens a window displaying the most common 100 or so words in the English language, in decreasing order of common usage. 7.2.4 Patterns (3 Letter) (F9) This opens a window displaying common 3-letter words which contain 2 letters the same. They are shown in the form similar to: X_X This indicates the first and last letters of this word are the same, while the letter indicated by the underscore is a different letter. It also shows possible combinations of words containing apostrophes. This is very helpful, since there are not many of these combinations. 7.2.5 Patterns (4 Letter) (F10) As above, except showing 4-letter words with patterns. 7.2.6 Gimme a Hint <Help> There are 3 "Hints" available per game. A requester will inform you how many Hints you have remaining, and ask if you want another. Hints are shown at the bottom of the screen. Refer to Section 5.1 - "Using the Keyboard". 7.2.7 I Give Up. Show Me!! (F5) A requester will ask if you really want to Give Up. If you confirm by either pressing "Y" on the keyboard, or clicking on "Give Up", the solution will be displayed in the Lower box, and the game will be counted as Lost. 7.3 About Menu 7.3.1 The Program The usual "About" stuff. 7.3.2 Shareware Recaps some of the information in Section 2. 8 w8 ALT.DB w The file "Alt.db" (Alternate), included in this package, is a 100 Cryptogram database, just like "CK.db", except that the Cryptograms are all different. If you want to try some new Cryptograms, just rename CK.db as something else, and rename Alt.db as CK.db. That's it. The next time CK is Run, it will search the new database. w9 THE "SCRAMBLER" PROGRAM w I have written a companion program for Crypto-King called Scrambler. To Run it, click on the icon or, from the CLI enter: [Run] Scrambler A window opens with an explanatory message. Press any key. Scrambler is a very simple utility program to assist anyone who may want to create additional databases for CK. When Run, it merely asks you to input 1 or 2 lines of unscrambled text. It then scrambles that text into a Cryptogram, and with your concurrence, writes both versions to the sequential file "RAM:CKtemp.db". You may then rename the file, if you wish, and copy it to the same directory as CK. When you want to use this new database, just rename "CK.db" as something else, rename the new one as "CK.db", and you're all set. If "CK.db" is more than 400 lines long, the lines over 400 will never be accessed. If less than 400 lines long, an error will be generated sooner or later. w10 INCLUDED FILES w 10.1 Registered Version Registered users of Crypto-King will receive a disk containing the following files: - CK (+ icon) ; the program, (without the initial Shareware window). - CK.db and Alt.db (+ icons) ; two 100 Cryptogram databases. If more are created, they will be included. - Scrambler (+ icon) ; the database creator. - CK.doc (+ icon) ; this file. - CK_printme.doc (+ icon) ; this file in a form which prints more neatly. 10.2 This Version This Distribution Version of Crypto-King is identical to the Registered Version, with the following exceptions: - There is only 1 database included (CK.db), containing 6 Cryptograms. - This version will not search a database larger than 6 Cryptograms, and has the opening Shareware message. - The Scrambler program has been omitted. 9 w11 GENERAL w If you enjoy solving Cryptograms, as I do, I hope you enjoy this program. If you have any comments, suggestions, or criticisms, I would be more than happy to hear them. Also, if I have missed any English words in the Help windows "Patterns (3 Letter)" or "Patterns (4 Letter)", please let me know so that I can include them in future versions. If anyone is still puzzling over the sample Cryptogram above, the solution is: CRYPTO-KING IS A GAME THAT IS FUN TO PLAY, AND EDUCATIONAL TOO. w12 REVISION HISTORY w Version 0.1: Internal - Basic program. Works pretty well. Version 0.2: Internal - Added Help windows. Program now sometimes crashes when a Help window is called. Too often. - Highlight the selected letter in the Lower box. - Bug fixes. Version 0.3: Internal - Re-wrote structure to change the way Cryptograms are handled in memory. Program is no longer crashing. Version 0.4: Internal - Added the custom pointer. - Added "Gimme a Hint". - Many more bug fixes. Version 0.5: Internal - Added the Tried: and Won: indicators. - Added the option to play from the keyboard. - Improved the routine for picking a random Cryptogram. Version 1.0: First Release, December 1991 Version 1.1: 72300 bytes Released July, 1992 - Fixed a problem that could cause the Cryptogram to stop loading if the RMB was pressed. 10